Power transformers hvdc transformers building trust. Anders lindroth will ask dejan susa to include this in the iec loading guide. Hvdc converters capable of converting up to two gigawatts gw. The ecodesign directive of the european union and the related regulation 5482014 for transformer losses requires manufacturers to publish on the internet information on rated power, load loss, noload loss and weight and type of the major components of typical transformers, which are compliant with the regulationon. For longdistance transmission, hvdc systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses. System and no rassps compressed schedule operational summer 2014 design, construction, testing and operation mackinac hvdc.
An hvdc test system consists of an hvac transformer, doubling capacitors, rectifiers, smoothing capacitors, and a resistive voltage divider. Advantages of hvdc over hvac transmission on photo. A transformer that has one of its windings connected to one of these. Also, tools for the system programming and supervision are. Testing and commissioning of vsc hvdc systems ecigre. Stability assessment and mitigation converter interactions improving grid code for hvdc schemes. Power transformers built for reliability and efficiency. Abb and hvdc the worlds first commercial high voltage direct current hvdc link, situated between the swedish mainland and the island gotland, was delivered by abb already in the 1950s. Main feature chapter iii making energy available to all. Ann based internal fault diagnosis of hvdc converter. The worlds first hvdc transformer passes the test for. They are used for withstand testing or polarity reversal testing according to iec 600601. Mainly due to the extra conversion equipment and maintenance difficulty. An hvdc test system consists of an hvac transformer, dou bling capacitors.
An hvdc converter converts electric power from high voltage alternating current ac to highvoltage direct current hvdc, or vice versa. Hvdc is an established technology that has been in. Power transformer testing 2 power transformer factory test objective of tests classification of tests list of tests connections for test details of tests sequence of tests future trends topics covered tests for special transformers, such as hvdc converter or phase shifting transformers are not covered. Hvdc is used as an alternative to ac for transmitting electrical energy over long distances or between ac power systems of different frequencies.
A highvoltage, direct current hvdc electric power transmission system also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current ac systems. Some transformer tests are also carried out at the consumer site before commissioning and also periodically in regular. The equipment has been installed in a test circuit for long term energisation at 855 kv. Hvdc transmission and integration ac grid 1 rightofway comparison of 6,000mw hvdc and ac circuits joe mooney is a department manager at power engineers, inc.
Testing and commissioning of vsc hvdc systems abstract voltage source converter vsc technology has emerged as a commercially viable alternative to line commutated converter lcc technology for certain applications of hvdc power transmission. A transformer that has one of its windings connected to one of these circuits, as a dedicated transformer, is a converter transformer. Power transformer testing procedures and schemes eep. Tester model hvdc 2540a 400 the product with latest technology 28 october, 2011. Sheet samples for electrical testing melt press, crosslink epr. Hvdc systems for energy transmission over long distances. The purpose of the hvdc protection system is to promptly remove main circuit equipment from service at short circuits or at abnormal operation that might cause damage or interfere with the operation of the neighbouring system. Jun 01, 2009 from testing results summary as in table 1 and figure 8 it can striated that 97% of efficiency can be obtained in identifying the type of fault in the hvdc transformer windings by using the training and testing patterns from the local maximum values of the neutral current trace when compared to that of the local average values. In most cases, electrical transmission systems are dealing with very high voltage. As a key enabler in the future energy system based on renewables, hvdc is truly shaping the grid of the future.
Factory and onsite testing of converter transformers according to iec 6782 testing on dc bushings according to iec 62199 research, development, and education system and components the hvdc test system is supplied with power via a switching cubicle 1. In addition to the above transformer testing methods, the power transformer also goes through some other tests, performed on it, before the actual commissioning of the transformer at the site. Summary a highvoltage, direct current hvdc system also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current ac systems. Both of these circuits are also called converter circuits. The worlds first hvdc transformer passes the test for 1,100. This hvdc backtoback station located between brazil and argentina involved considerable innovation in manufacturing and construction techniques for both transmission lines and converter station. Grid code testing by voltage source converter abstract safe and reliable operation of the wind turbines is important for an efficient operation of the power system. Large hvdc transmission schemes having power transmission capacities of 40006000 mw and. This document gives an overview of the hvdc protection system. The hvdc control and protection system is divided to two redundant systems a and b, based on an active standby concept. Abb has participated in the delivery of more than half of the worlds around 170 hvdc links.
An electrical power transformer has to go through a number of transformer testing procedures for confirming its specifications and performances. Design and testing of hvdc insultation systems understanding the basics of hvdc insulation behavior this twoday course introduces the concepts of hvdc insulation system design and testing, highlighting aspects such as the difference between ac and dc behavior, space charge and routes to failure. Hvdc highvoltage direct current is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications. Maeraj engineering company is a leading group in the field of hvdc tester. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Developing opensource converter models stability assessment for colocated converters design of dcdc converter. Key words 800 kv hvdc, uhvdc, uhvdc converter stations, uhvdc. The transformer testing performed before commissioning the transformer at the site is called the precommissioning test of the transformer. Hvdctesting solutions hvdctester maeraj engineering company. The ac voltage is stepped up using a mediumfrequency transformer and then rectifier to obtain the desired hvdc output for transmitting the power. The hvdc test systems allow polarity reversal testing accord. Design options of hvdc transformers depending on voltage and transferred power rating, the hvdc converter transformer can be built as threephase units or as singlephase units. In the future the transformer will enable lowloss and extremely efficient highvoltage directcurrent hvdc power transmission over a record distance of 3,284 kilometers with. Black start from vsc hvdc and its impact on ac protection.
Supply of ac voltages into two separate circuits feeding the rectifier bridges with a phase shift of 30 electrical degrees for reduction of low order harmonics esp. For longdistance transmission, hvdc systems may be less expensive and have lower electrical losses. Nijman kema laboratories, dnv gl the netherlands summary testing of hvdc circuit breakers cbs is fundamentally different from that of ac cbs as. Stress analysis of hvdc circuit breakers for defining test. Markus pettersson, september 22, 2016 plnabb power grids. Transformer inductance dc capacitor voltage sourced inverter voltage sourced inverter vl 0 i. Annex e hvdc converter transformers and reactors subcommittee. Availability assessment of the hvdc converter transformer system. The phase ii power line is operated by national grid and stretches from monroe new hampshire to the massachusetts border. Dc separate source voltage withstand test iec 6782 sections 8. Highvoltage directcurrent hvdc power transmission is the most powerful application for linecommutated converters that exist today. Hvdc circuit breakers are difficult some mechanism must be included in the circuit breaker to force current to zero. Verification of equipment for 800 kv hvdc abb group. The field testing section was copied from the present ieee standard.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Now we will check out more about dc transmission system. Maeraj engineering company is a leading group in the field of hvdctester. With a broad range of instrument transformer solutions and infield experience. The ecodesign directive of the european union and the related regulation 5482014 for transformer losses requires manufacturers to publish on the internet information on rated power, load loss, noload loss and weight and type of the major components of typical transformers, which are.
Transformer in sc testing at kema holland the only large hvdc transformer ever sc tested transport weight 230 ton transport dim l x h x w 9,4 x 4,8 x 3,65 in operation since 2010 sapei500kv hvdc link design. And in 1997 a completely new converter and dc cable technology called hvdc light was introduced. For testing, not only the availability of generators for producing the test voltage, but also a setup free of partial discharges, poses a major demand. It is a vital part in safeguarding our high quality by material. Transformer secondary voltage kv 220 220 220 220 220. May 10, 20 transformer manufacturers perform two main types of transformer testing type test of transformer and routine test of transformer. Hvdc converters capable of converting up to two gigawatts gw and with voltage ratings of up to 1,100. Hvdc transformers used to ensure an appropriate tapping range for part of the dc voltage and for reactive power control.
Routine tests and type tests of transformers electrical4u. Power transformers hvdc transformers building trust through a. Dc protections ac protections apparatus protective relays common features of the protection philosophy, the protective functions and the fault clearing actions are given. Transformer in sctesting at kema holland the only large hvdc transformer ever sc tested transport weight 230 ton transport dim l x h x w 9,4 x 4,8 x 3,65 in operation since 2010. Hvdc high voltage direct current is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications. With successful testing of the worlds first hvdc transformer for a transmission voltage of 1,100 kilovolts, we have set a new benchmark in directcurrent transmission, states beatrix natter, ceo of power transformers at siemens energy management. Power transformer testing procedures and schemes photo credit. A high voltage, direct current hvdc system also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current ac systems. An hvdc test system consists of an hvac transformer, dou. Transformer manufacturers perform two main types of transformer testing type test of transformer and routine test of transformer. Hvdc test systems are used to generate highvoltage dc test voltages for routine, type, and development tests on components of hvdc transmission systems. One important design criteria for wind turbines is the fulfillment of grid codes given by transmission system operators tso, they state how wind turbinesfarms must. Stress analysis of hvdc circuit breakers for defining test requirements and its implementation n.
As a galvanic barrier between ac and dc systems to prevent dc potential entering into the ac system. Hvdc circuit breakers are difficult some mechanism must be included in. Engineering and manufacturing algorithms artificial intelligence artificial neural networks usage electric converters electric current converters electric fault location methods. For hvdc transformers pd measurements are also carried out on dielectric tests with dc. Transformer testing has developed considerably over the past years. Normally attenuated by transformer or distance nothing but plc at transmission. To determine the ability to withstand dc voltage, the valve windings of hvdc transformers are subject to the following tests. The reliability and efficiency of the transformer has a major impact on the total cost of transmission over a long period of time. Alstom gridspringsummer 2011 37 testing an 800 kv transformer in wuhan there are few laboratories around the world capable of testing bulky 800 kv dc equipment weighing over 160 tonnes, says david wright. Oct 03, 2012 this hvdc backtoback station located between brazil and argentina involved considerable innovation in manufacturing and construction techniques for both transmission lines and converter station. Annex e hvdc converter transformers and reactors subcommittee april, 2015, 3.
Hvdc converter transformers power transformers abb. This document gives an overview of the hvdc protection. There are power converters with ratings in excess of mw. Hvdc power transmission an overview sciencedirect topics. In the future the transformer will enable lowloss and extremely efficient high voltage directcurrent hvdc power transmission over a record distance of 3,284 kilometers with a transmission capacity of twelve gigawatts. Abb successfully developed and tested 1,100 kv converter transformer technology breaking the record for the highest dc voltage levels ever. Hvdctesting solutions hvdctester maeraj engineering. Hvdc disadvantages hvdc is generally less reliable and has lower availability than hvac.
Hvdc and a single 69 kv line serving eastern up goal. Hvdc converter transformers, traction transformers and. The testing hall meets all of the requirements of isoiec 17025 and houses. The high cost of transformer, switchgears, and protection is required. Finally, our german lead plant has two independent test fields able to test hvdc converter transformers at its prem ises, which adds to the production capacity. Pdf 800 kv ultra hvdc transformer a new dimension of dc. So these are several advantages and disadvantages of high voltage transmission. Eric davis will search for the background information to the figures given. The technical brochure provides a practical guideline for the testing and commissioning of vsc hvdc schemes including a complete description of each of the three stages of commissioning factory tests, subsystems tests and system tests. A new technology was born and the inventor, uno lamm, became known as the father of hvdc.
Packaging for scalability into systemlevel hvdc dcdc transformer performance under actual fault conditions overall project. In this article, you will learn different types of transformer testing methods, test setup, and their acceptance criteria. Nearly all hvdc power converters with thyristor valves are assembled in a converter bridge of 12pulse configuration, as shown in fig. Abb has participated in the delivery of more than half of the. Experience and ingenuity are what made this development possible. Transformers highvoltage power transmission siemens india. The goal of partial discharge measurement is to certify that no harmful partial discharge sources exist. Hvdc at a glance in 1954 the worlds first high voltage direct current hvdc transmission link was delivered by abb. The main ageing and breakdown mechanisms will be highlighted, with special attention for interfaces such as in joints and terminations. Resilient multiterminal hvdc networks with highvoltage. Hvdc transformer bushing, type ggf installation and.
Partial discharge measurement should generally be the last dielectric test conducted on the transformer. An hvdc converter converts electric power from high voltage alternating current ac to high voltage direct current hvdc, or vice versa. It evolved from the simple gonogo verdict into a sophisticated segment within transformer manufacturing. Testing, research and development in our own chemical and physical test laboratory at our lead plant we have our own testing and development laboratory accredited according to iso 17025. Markus pettersson, september 22, 2016 plnabb power. The transformer is now on its way to its chinese destination. Some transformer tests are also carried out at the consumer site before commissioning and also periodically in regular and emergency basis throughout its service life. Design considerations of ultra high voltage dc system.
Innovative facilities and rigorous quality processes. Consequently, the ac voltages applied to each 6pulse valve group that makes up the 12pulse valve group have a phase difference of 30 degrees that is utilized to cancel the ac side, 5th and 7th harmonic currents, and dc side, 6th harmonic voltage, thus. Hvdc transformer brochure digital asset management. In this book we have laid down important aspects on transformer. Plnabb power grids workshop abb hvdc converter transformers markus pettersson, september 22, 2016. The hvac voltage will be rectified to the hvdc test voltage by means of an appropriate electric circuit e. Power transformer factory test using ieee standards. Advantages and disadvantages of highvoltage direct.
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